Ethical Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Moral Case Study - Essay Example Deontological standards center around the idea of obligation instead of any idea of right or wrong. Regarding the case, there are two sorts of deontological moral speculations, obligation hypotheses and rights hypotheses. Obligation hypotheses imply an activity as being ethically right in the event that it is as per some rundown of commitment and obligations. Right speculations is an activity is ethically right in the event that it is sufficiently regards the privilege everything being equal. On the other hand, the two kinds of important moral hypotheses that are identified with the contextual investigation incorporate utilitarianism and moral selfishness. Utilitarianism expresses that individuals are driven by their feelings of dread and interests. Be that as it may, their inclinations override their feelings of trepidation. A gathering of individuals can seek after their bliss while harming others. Moral selfishness is a considerable hypothesis that recommends activity that can eit her be valuable or inconvenient to the government assistance of others. The deontological moral hypothesis, obligation hypothesis was not actualized by J.L mother. In spite of the way that, she is a medical caretaker in a similar emergency clinic that J.L went to look for treatment, she could have regarded the patient bill of rights. At the point when J. L was in the crisis room, her mom could have given her security. The staff accepted that the mother needed to remain even without looking for the patients’ authorization. The obligations of a medical attendant are to rehearse secrecy with a patient. This unmistakably shows her privileges are being damaged concerning the rights speculations. The medical caretakers ought to have done the essential tests to preclude a chance of an infected appendix. The medical attendant defers her treatment for around two hours, disrespecting their expert code of morals that advocates for legitimate complete consideration towards a patient†™s disease. Because of a lost example, the medical caretakers settled on a pelvic test that was horrible to the patient. This is likewise observed as an infringement of her privileges. The reports showing that the patient was uncooperative portrayed that the ethical privileges of the medical attendant were not followed. The pregnant test done against J.L consent was additionally not an ethically moral act. In the wake of experiencing such a difficulty, the medical attendants didn't suggest any type of treatment. This was an infringement of the nursing code of morals. The medical attendants were centered around the idea of obligation as opposed to any idea of right or wrong (Marcum, 2010). On the off chance that the weighty hypothesis, which decides the rightness or the misleading quality in any activity were utilized in this situation, J. L would have gotten better sort of treatment. J.L mother ought to have helped her girl in the application and given her bill of rights to peruse . Classification is a basic issue particularly when it is worries with approximately ones wellbeing. The staff that was rewarding J.L ought to have analyzed her alone. Utilitarianism was obviously actualized as the medical attendant led a pregnancy test on a patient without his endorsement (Pozgar, 2007). They directed this test on the thought that numerous underage young ladies have â€Å"immaculate conceptions† on the occasion they report stomach torments. Moral selfishness could have been actualized on the occasion J.L didn't reveal to her mom the analysis of her stomach torment. Since, she is a medical caretaker at that clinic; she would have effortlessly gotten to that data. The deferral in the assessment and absence of any solution for the agony by the clinical staff bolsters the

The Evaluation of Tsotsi Essay Example for Free

The Evaluation of Tsotsi Essay He is in one of the packs there. He leaves from his folks when he is youthful in light of the fact that he has an awful dad who consistently hits him and accuses him, and his mom is experiencing an ailment. He feels alone, so he goes to remain with different vagrants. He grows up with them, and lives with them in huge, solid development pipes. He needs to become free when he is youthful. The most significant scene in the film is the burglary case. A wanton individual, Tsotsi attempts to take a rich woman’s vehicle and cash. While he is taking her vehicle, he finds that there is a child in the secondary lounge of the vehicle. At the point when he hears the infant cry, he is helped to remember his adolescence. Out of blame, he chooses to assume on the liability and deal with the infant. After the first run through of endeavoring, he understands that he can't deal with the infant. At that point, he meets Miriam, the on-screen character Terry Pheto, who has a newborn child, and undermines her to take care of the infant. These issues make Tsotsi to set out on his excruciating procedure. This film has a brilliant opening, completion and conveyance which can draw the audience’s consideration. Additionally, the cameramen utilize the high caliber of aptitudes which can unequivocally mirror the circumstance in Africa. Also, characters are one of the spirits of the film which the feeling toward the crowd can illuminate an entire film. Ultimately, this film can mirror the social issues in Africa which we have to cherish what we have. Toward the start of the film, on the train, Tsotsi and his companions attempt to take cash. This minimal opening gets the audience’s consideration. Also, this film has a little flashback to the adolescence of Tsotsi, aside from the flashback recollections of youth that Tsotsi himself encounters right off the bat in the film. The watchers can plainly comprehend the explanation for how he turns into a burglar. The watcher won't get confounded in light of the fact that this film is very direct and clear. The story move bit by bit. In reality, it shows the timetable from getting the infant accidently in the vehicle to giving back the infant to her folks. The film is basically encompassing the abducting case. Besides, toward the finish of the film, it is the defining moment of Tsotsi which can see him change from scorn to mind of an individual. Around then, Tsotsi feels lament, and he is wanting to give back the child to her folks. At the point when he shows up in their home, he remains for quite a while and attempts to chat with her folks. The crowd will begin getting bothered in light of the fact that they realize the police are coming, they dont need Tsotsi to get captured. They will feel befuddled. In any case, this film has an incredible consummation which give a topic to the crowd to talk about. It shows that Tsotsi raises his arms to the police officers, and all pointing their weapons at him. What occurs straightaway? Does Tsotsi give up? Or then again do the police shoot him? These are the conceivable thing that may occur. The producers pick this great closure since they need the crowd to think about the film and estimate if there will be another scene following to proceed. This is a savvy approach to advance a film. In addition, the lighting impact is one of the fascination focuses. Cameramen are one the spirits of every film; how the crowd puts resources into the film depends on the cameramen. This is a laudable accomplishment of the cameramen; they work superbly in this film. This film incorporates superb and extremely persuading exhibitions gives a phenomenal profound force. Most scenes occur either around evening time or in the early morning; taking shots around evening time is constantly troublesome, and the cameramen need to continue looking for the right condition lighting conditions. In any case, the cameramen still can get a particular second; this shows they have a decent aptitudes. What's more, Tsotâ ¬si, played by Presley Chweneyagae, acts very well in this film. His enthusiastic articulation can impact different on-screen characters, and put them into their own characters profoundly. Furthermore, he shows his feeling toward to the infant, and he can pass on his feeling to the crowd as well. These feelings can illuminate the entire film. When Tsotsi sees Miriam is taking care of the infant, the watcher can know how poor the adolescence of Tsotsi is, and the watcher can see he truly needs a mother’s love. What's more, this film has a forceful passionate line between the child and Tsotsi. Tsotsi has just developed a relationship with the child. The child appears his sister. In the film, Tsotsi says, â€Å"The infant is mine,† which mean he truly thinks about the infant. He doesn’t need to lose it. At last, this film is the most sizzling subject in the third world. This film, Tsotsi, shows the social issues in Africa, similar to vagrancy, and starvation. Everybody conceived is a present from God. We are special and unadulterated. Nobody should be a criminal or underhandedness. Tsotsi likewise is compassionate when he takes a gander at the child. Unfortunately, the network consistently drives him to do awful things. In the event that he doesn’t adhere to the principles; he will be executed by. Also, in the film, Tsotsi lives in a ghetto, which shows how poor life is. Is it destiny? Along these lines, we should be happy that we are living in such a serene and abundant spot. Everything isn't unavoidable; we have to love what we have and not contrast and the others. Through this film, the watchers will become familiar with the expectation for everyday comforts in Africa, and they can comprehend what sorts of issues it has. All the primary and minor characters and plotlines that are investigated most likely merit gratefulness, as in general they all play their parts well. The entirety of the characters are huge. The feeling communicated is phenomenal. It’s a film that will impact individuals, and the watchers need to focus on comprehend the significance inside. This film likewise won the 2005 Academy Globe for Best Foreign Language Film. Along these lines, Tsotsi is an astounding film that you should watch, and it has a solid importance.

Wise Words From Mikey

Wise Words From Mikey Im going through my in-box today, taking care of some long-overdue things. I found an entry that Mikey wrote for me that I had intended to publish this past spring. The summer snuck up on me before I had a chance to, and I decided to wait until now instead of posting it in June this seems like a better time, as people prepare to arrive on campus and start their MIT experiences. Im sure some of you will be able to relate to the sentiments expressed below I just work here and I know Ive felt this way from time to time. :-) I am also publishing this because (a) I really miss Mikey, who has left us to attend grad school at the university down the road, and (b) because Ive been longing to post this picture of him, which always makes me think of The Matrix. (Its shamelessly borrowed from Mikeys page over on the Logs site.) So, some context: Mikey received an email from a student who had been admitted to MIT and was concerned that everyone else would be much better prepared than she. Recognizing her concern as a very common one, Mikey asked her if we could publish their correspondence. Here it is: So, mainly at this point I am very excited for MIT, but I am having some second thoughts. Concerning my peers. When I applied, I was well aware of the fact that MIT attracts the best and brightest and Im a bit worried that Im not as bright and shiny as the others. For example, almost all the people Ive talked to have been to the IMO or at least the USAMO or have won some science competition or another (Westinghouse, YES, Intel, take your pick) or have patented something, or have taken their schools science club to nationals. And Ive never done any of that Im basically a kid who likes math, cats, plants and some plumbing and thought MIT seemed like a cool place because everyone was always building one thing or another, all the time. But now Im worried that I wont be able to catch up to these kids and as a result, coming in with no research experience or major math competition experience or etc. will pull me far behind my classmates and Ill struggle to get good grades (I know grades arent everything, but Id like to get decent enough grades to apply for graduate school) or find research opportunities or basically show professors that I have something to offer when in fact Im not sure I have anything to offer in comparison to the rest of the class of 2011. I was really psyched to go despite the notoriously huge workload because I was pretty sure that Id love doing the work, no matter how much there was (I really enjoyed, for example, doing stoichiometry problems and math problems theyre fun for me, but I dont have any true talent for them Im a peasant of a student, not a poet if that makes any sense at all), but now Im more worried than anything. Please feel free to be honest if you think that my sort of person can still do well at MIT, thats great but if not, be as brutally honest as necessary! So how was your experience at MIT? If you dont mind, can you tell me a bit about yourself? Like, were you one of those USAMO kids? Thanks again for your time, and I hope I dont sound too hysterical :) And heres Mikeys response, which I love: Dont worry. I had never heard of Intel, Westinghouse, or IMO before coming to MIT. I did not know a USABO, USNCO, or USPhO existed. I didnt even know science fairs and research competitions existed. No joke. I took the pre-AMC (back then it was called the AJHSME, and the AMC was called the AHSME American (Junior) High School Math Exam), did okay on it, and never went any farther (I had heard of the AIME but wasnt even close to being considered for that test). And I felt exactly like you even before I applied to MIT. MIT students are way smarter than me I mustve gotten in by accident Ill be like the dumbest one there is what I seriously told myself. And I totally get your poet vs peasant analogy people would talk about how elegant a math proof was, or how neat and interesting the solution was to that physics problem, while I would just sit there and say heck, did I at least get the units right? or use brute force to solve the problem in a way that took 20x longer than it should have and said hey , I still got it right in the end, who cares if it took 2 hours instead of 2 minutes? Haha. But anyways, back to the original point. I came to MIT, and seriously, I probably had way more fun than I was supposed to. (Hanging out with friends in my living group, going on road trips, having spontaneous parties, watching TV shows and movies, playing video games Not all the time, but most of the time. Dont tell my parents.) Over my four years, I sang with an a cappella group, helped record and produce 2 CDs, sang in a classical group, was part of a religious club, did a UROP, and made many lifelong friends and memories. But wait what about the academics?? I graduated with a 4.8 GPA (out of 5.0) and I honestly had a blast. (I hope that didnt come off as arrogant I just wanted to let you know that you can have a lot of fun and still get good grades in your classes!) Believe me, there was definitely hard work involved (it was not ALL fun and games) but really, you wouldnt have been admitted if you we didnt think you could not only survive but THRIVE here academically, socially, emotionally, physically, mentally (and every other lly way). MIT is about educating the entire student, not *just* the academics, and the college experience is not *just* the classes its EVERYTHING. You literally passed through *at LEAST* 5 different rounds of screening before you were definitively admitted to MIT; we said not only can she do the work, but shes going to have fun, shell add to the campus community, shell be able to make great friends, and above all, shes a great match for MIT. Or something to that extent. Yes, there are geniuses at MIT, even for MIT standards. I met plenty of them throughout my four years. But you know what? I couldnt even tell for most of them I had plenty of friends where I didnt learn about their special and unique talents until after having known them for 2-3 years (examples: I didnt learn until junior or senior year that some of my friends consisted of: California State Nintendo Champion a child TV show star placed in the Putnam for more than one year went to Africa to help vision-impaired children worked on the Human Genome project owned his own design company etc etc etc). But when people get here, everyone pretty much leaves a lot of that at the door (unless it comes up specifically). Theyre all students just like anyone, eager to meet new people and it was incredibly exciting to have friends like them. So dont worry. I know exactly what youre going through, and as someone whos been through it all and is on the other side now, I know youll be juuuuust fine. :) Mikey speaks the truth! So if youre nervous about your forthcoming arrival on campus, dont be. Really. (And Mikey: we miss you! COME VISIT US.)

Analysis Of Michal s Favorite Subject Of School Is Math,...

Michal’s favorite subject in school is math, because it comes natural for him. He, also loves topics like marketing, and business which is his major. He also grew, up in a family that enjoyed math and was always natural at it. He see’s math as important because it is the core of his major. Although writing and reading will be used as well, in all his classes most of the work he does involves using math and math topics. He enjoys math, solving problems, and numbers. The subject that Michal is least interested in is Social Studies. He mentions that all the classes he took in middle school for social studies were not very active. He described something similar to the Banking concept in which he was fed information to memorize and was not really interactive like he was in his other classes. According to Michal these experiences is what caused him to dislike history and social study classes. All these subjects play a role in Michal’s life, but literacy and art also p layed a role in not only his life, but his community. Michal’s family do have books held in their households, all are written in English, but he mentions that they do have books that were written by Africa or an African American authors. He remembers books that are about the African culture that his mom would read to him when he was young. Other than reading at home his mom would sometimes bring him to the library for a read aloud night. As I mentioned my interviewee’s family was always interested in math. Both of my

The Sexuality Of Doctors During War - 1467 Words

According to the author of Oath Betrayed, Steven H. Miles, a total of 130 different countries employ health professionals to carry out torture in interrogation practices. Clearly, this directly conflicts with the normative perspective of doctors in the presence of war who are expected to uphold human rights and follow an ethical and professional path to helping all people whether they are enemy or not. Doctors are the very foundation to the health and well-being of society. Yet doctors actively participate in torturing prisoners of war. Without the presence of a moralistic figure, the only shred of reason and sense of humanity is subsequently lost. Doctors are both a physical and moral necessity for all war participants; thus, when their roles are altered and their skills are exploited for the wrong reasons, corruption ensues and their war contribution is counterproductive. Before delving into the exploitation of doctors during war we must first understand their value in society by examining the values upheld in being a doctor. The path of ‘doctorhood’ generally entails a lengthy and laborious pathway that can very well last over a decade. Along this course of attainment, the core values of human rights and ethical practice are repeatedly pounded into the individuals. In consequence, those who reach the end of the road are the cream of the crop and are assumed to be exceedingly exceptional human beings. Furthermore, all newly qualified doctors uphold the Hippocratic OathShow MoreRelatedThe Scientific Community And Its Impact On My Life As A Self Identified Queer Person1395 Words   |  6 Pageswoman. It asserts that heterosexuality is the ONLY sexual orientation and a norm. Norms are short for what is normal or standard. Seidman provides us with the historical insight needed to dismantle our preconceived notions of science, gender and sexuality and how exactly these norms came to be. Seidman provides an insight into the history and influence on the various perspectives of the scientific study of sex. He details the findings of sexologists such as Alfred Kinsey and Masters and JohnsonRead MoreThe Perception of Human Sexuality throughout History1030 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout history it is evident that human sexuality changes do to religious, governmental and societal influences. The perception of human sexuality has gone through many changes such as being very open and unlabeled activity; to being very â€Å"conservative† and a topic that shouldn’t be talked about in public or at all. 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Historical events such as World War two as well as Industrialization are some of the major driving forces that helped sculpt our modern day gender roles as well as their negative impacts on our society. During the era of industrialization women’s roles in society became very specific. â€Å"Welter describes the new cult of womanhood as based on four virtues --- piety, purityRead MoreThe Need for Censorship in the Media Essay1650 Words   |  7 Pagessafety laws were passed, and in 1913 the British Board of Censors were introduced. In 1916 films like A fool was there which included female sexuality and Intolerance, were banned. 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Television Broadcast News Credible information or Merely Entertainment Free Essays

In today’s journalistic world it is sometimes difficult to decipher between news broadcasts rendered as credible information as opposed to merely entertainment. It is safe to say that the media does have a responsibility in reporting the news truthfully and with honesty. As we begin to look more closely on the role of the News Media, local and national, we will find many interesting facets of the broadcasts to be analyzed. We will write a custom essay sample on Television Broadcast News: Credible information or Merely Entertainment? or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is also expected that the media deliver news that is detailed, informative and credible. Unfortunately the content of the information sometimes broadcasts has other insignificant focuses such as, news regarding celebrities, entertainment (especially here in Los Angeles so close to Hollywood) and other tragic but unnecessary news. The content seems at times unimportant, weak, and falsely dramatic rather than a factual honest and necessary report of important occurrences local, national and international. At times the news seems more like a dramatic soap opera rather than news. Competion and monetary gain seems to drive the media to serve information that can be sometimes manipulated or sometimes just simply inappropriate. Another facet of the news media is the status of female anchors and reporters on network and local newscasts, which will be examined in this paper. It is important to note that the media has been known to be a field influenced by gender, racial and ethnic biases. These important topics will also be examined. It seems that the News Media is not very particular in choosing quality journalism these days. Some exceptions do exist although it seems that shows which function as informative shows are merely just entertainment and tabloid-like journalism. Such shows include, â€Å"Entertainment tonight†, â€Å"The E channel† programs, â€Å"Inside Edition†, and â€Å"Access Hollywood† to name a few. Even reality shows like â€Å"Cops† which are credible and reflect real life experiences are packaged for entertainment and sensationalist viewing. Also, when analyzing the role of local and national television broadcast news we still need to view the content of these programs with a grain of salt. News broadcasters are more influenced by events that will cause an immediate impact and sensational effect on the viewers than actual, credible and significant news. It is common for news broadcasters to begin the news  with such broadcasts covering such events as a â€Å"Wild Pursuit† or freeway car chase. Or, other such glamorized topics may include the arrest of famous actors or musicians whom have committed crimes. The O. J. Simpson case was a perfect example of such media frenzy or, the famous pop musician George Michaels being arrested for masturbating in the Beverly Hills Park restroom. How can the media choose to cover such insignificant events when the local areas, the nation or the international community has so many other important social, economical, political and humanitarian problems and events that are hardly addressed. Also, when we pursue to analyze the credibility of broadcasters, how are we sure that the information given to us is factual? Are we to believe everything that CNN reports is untainted and free of excessive nonfactual events and information? It would be justified to question the source of reported events and news stories. There has been so many times in which different views and different versions of the same story have been reported by varying news channels. Therefore it is sometimes difficult to decipher between fact or fiction and credible information or merely entertainment. It is also interesting to note that the media tries to maintain an air of social and political correctness when it comes to choosing its journalists although certain biases still due exists in the journalistic field. It is only in recent times that the news media has decided to hire more ethnically diverse journalists. Also in a field that had been mostly dominated by men, in recent times we have seen the hiring of more female anchors, reporters and journalists. Sometimes broadcasters use attractive journalists to gain the interest of the viewers. One of the most important TV news personalities of the last 40 years has been the famous Barbara Walters. She is one of the first women to gain acceptability and credibility from television news viewers. Also Christian Amanpour remains the first female TV broadcaster in our history who commands the same kind of respect as the long line of father figures that started with Murrow and continues with Rather, Brokaw and Jennings. Women journalists such as Walters and Amanpour have gained respect and stardom through many years of hard work and struggle through journalism. Nowadays, historic news stories have become the journalistic fast track to celebrity. And this happens so routinely that the search for the new media stars automatically built into coverage of the events themselves. Within hours of the attack on the World Trade Center, you could already hear people in the media world asking, â€Å"Who’s going to be made by this one? † Such celebrity came to female anchorwoman Ashleigh Banfield, a 33-year-old Canadian-born journalist when on September 11, Banfield covered groundzero in New York for MSNBC. Standing firm as she became coated with ash, network executives were so dazzled by her on-camera savvy that, although she had almost as little international knowledge as our president, they jetted her off to Pakistan, where she began anchoring the week-nightly news show â€Å"Region in Conflict. † Since then, she seems to have been everywhere for the cable channels covering a variety of important news stories and issues. A similar story occurred when Andrea Thompson made headlines when she recently revealed that she was quitting ABC’s â€Å"N. Y. P.  D Blue† to do a three-month tryout at the CBS affiliate in Albuquerque, N. M. to become a TV anchorwoman. Shortly after Andrea Thompson was hired by the CNN as an anchor. The 39-year-old actress and model has said that she believes her skills as an actress are transferable to TV news, even though she does not have any background in journalism. Although it’s not a matter of acting the news, it’s hard to fake a journalism background if you do not have one. Again this proves how today’s news media functions more as entertainment than credible responsible journalism. Some may say that it does not take any journalism skill to read a news script, and most stations want an appealing person, so why not have a pretty person reading a copy of the news? Personally I believe that this is unfair to other journalists male or female who have pursued a career studying and experiencing modern journalism. It is unfair to hire â€Å"sexy† or â€Å"sexual –attractive† journalists to report the news when the most important factor is the content and truthfulness of the news itself. It may be appropriate to flaunt ones sexuality in the fictional soap opera or fictional TV show arena, but not in the modern journalistic forum. Gender and sexuality should not be a factor. It would be hopeful to expect the News Media to cover more events with greater importance and significance to all people rather than to use journalism as a form of entertainment for the masses. Furthermore, it seems to me that the actual event and truth in media shouldn’t be tainted by such factors such as gender, ethnicity, age or how one presents him or herself physically, the events and news topics covered should speak for themselves, not the other way around. How to cite Television Broadcast News: Credible information or Merely Entertainment?, Papers

What is Middle East

Middle East is a term that has been used to refer to a region that covers South Western Asia although currently it includes some countries like Pakistan, North Africa and Caucasus (Brown, 2004). It is important to note that the term is also used to mean Near East and to exclude the region known as Far East.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on What is Middle East? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is a major center for various affairs in the whole world contributing greatly to its popularity. For instance, it is the center for some of the major religions in the world like Islam, Judaism, Baha’i faith and Christianity. Farming is a major economic activity and although some parts are arid, there are some rivers that are used for irrigation and thus why agriculture is practiced even in such areas. In addition, some regions especially in the Gulf area are rich sources of crude oil and contribute greatly to the ec onomy seeing that oil is an important source of energy in the whole world. There is much about Middle East in relation to political, economic, geographical and cultural perspective. Bent on that, this essay shall focus more on its history as well as the relevance of the term Middle East. According to Davis (2003), Middle East originated from British office in India, in the mid 19th century. Further studies indicate that the popularity of the term increased in the 20th century. It was used to refer to the area between India and Arabia by Alfred Thayer, a naval strategist from America. Further studies illustrate that he used the term for the first time at the beginning of the 20th century in an article he authored known as Persian Gulf and the International Relations. The article set pace for other articles which were published latter mainly focusing on the definition of the same concept. Before the Second World War, the term Middle East was used to refer of the region between the Far East and the Near East. Nonetheless, history records that after Middle East Institute was Established during the mid 20th century in Washington DC, the term became popular not only in Europe, but also in the United States. Although currently the term Middle East has become increasingly popular, there is much criticism that has resulted from the usage of the term. For instance, the fact that the term is of European origin and is used not only by Europeans but also by non Europeans both in academic and media sector raises much criticism. In addition, the description of Middle East is also as mater of concern especially due to the fact that the definition has been prone to so much change. For example, before the First World War, Middle East was used to refer to the region of Central Asia, Iran and Afghanistan while the Near East used to refer to Ottoman Empire and Balkans and lastly, Far East included all countries which were found in East Asia.Advertising Looking for essay on as ian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As a result, some advocate that instead of Middle East, it would be far much better to refer to the region as Western Asia as it is referred to by the United Nations. Moreover, different countries refer to Middle East differently. United States unlike Europe includes countries such as Saudi Arabia, Kuwait Jordan, Egypt, Israel Jordan, Iraq, Qatar and Bahrain (Brown, 2004). It has been difficult to translate Middle East or Near East in other languages apart from European languages due to the fact that the term is a descriptive term. Therefore, terms used to refer to the region in other countries are different although there are similar terms that can be used in English. The term used to refer to the region is highly dependent on the particular country since all the countries have got different languages and different translations. Having discussed the background information concerning Middle East , it is important at this point to discuss some of the historical events related to the same concept. Apart from being a center for major faiths in the whole world, Middle East is a center for major civilizations that have taken place as highlighted earlier in this essay. The first civilization occurred in Mesopotamia, Egypt and along the Nile valley regions. Other civilizations that closely followed include the civilizations of Arabian Peninsula, Levant and Persia. In addition, many empires developed latter which are inclusive but not limited to Romans Empire, Egyptians Empire, Assyrians Empire, Greeks and the Persians Empire. Although as indicated earlier there are many forms of civilization, the Roman Empires is the most notable because it incorporated Eastern Mediterranean and also united parts of Europe and North Africa into one political and economic unit. It was an Empire which was powerful for centuries and went to an extent of influencing other areas that are near the regio n. The empire was characterized by the Greek culture and language which was first introduced by the Macedonian Empire in spite of the fact that Latin culture was also present. The main economic activity in the region was agriculture which made the empire very powerful and it also led to development of major cities and urban centers. Roman Empire particularly became the center for the Christian faith since history clearly illustrates that from the fifth century, Christianity was the dominant religion in the region. However, although the empire split, it was characterized by much prosperity and stability for a long duration of time (Davis, 2003). Islam in Middle East began to take over in the seventh century especially after the Roman and the Persian Empire became weak due to the effects of the Roman and Persian Wars. Arab armies contributed greatly to the victory of Muslims especially due to the fact that the army commanders were skilled and as much as the Roman Empire was powerful, it was not possible to put in enough resistance to prevent the conquest of the Muslims.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on What is Middle East? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Consequently, the Islam Empire was the first to gain control over Middle East and more than half of the Mediterranean Sea region save the Roman Empire. The civilization is very significant in the history of the Middle East because it unified the region in to a distinctive region with a peculiar ethnic identity that is present even to date (Davis, 2003). The region was separated into various regions which included Israel in the mid 20th century. Some of the European powers like Britain and France also left and the same contributed greatly to the establishment of the modern Middle East. Oil production by countries like United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Iraq, Iran and Saudi Arabia became the defining factor economically due to mass production of oi l not to mention that some countries like Saudi Arabia became very important producers of oil in the whole world. As a result, the region became the main cause of conflict between Soviet Union and the United States during the cold war. There may have been other causes of conflicts between the two superpowers but the fact that the region produced large quantities of oil contributed greatly to same since gaining control was accompanied by economic benefits. Middle East has been characterized by periods of peace as well as by periods of wars and conflict (Chaurasia, 2005). For instance, there is a major conflict between Israel and Palestine. In addition, the current occupation of Iraq by United States needs no further explanation. Apart from conflicts, Middle East has also been characterized by lack of development. During 1990s, it was only a few counties in the region which include Palestine, Turkey and Lebanon that were democratic while a lot of regions in the whole world were charac terized by democracy and development of market economies. In addition, although many states in the region had legislative bodies, it was not possible for most people in the population to vote due to lack of citizenship. Factors like increased dependence on oil, corruption, spending too much money on arms as well as political restrictions were the major contributory factors that hindered the development of market economies. Depending too much on revenues from oil was also a major hindrance as well as high population since countries which had low populations like United Arab Emirates did not share the same problem. Such states were even politically and socially liberalized and that is why they were more developed (Chaurasia, 2005). There is no much difference between the 20th and the 21st century since major conflicts of the 20th century are also present like the conflict between Israel and Palestine. The region has also been linked with world terrorism especially towards United State s and its allies. Although United States believed that some countries in the region like Afghanistan were involved in production of weapons of mass destruction, oil may have been a major contributory factor to the conflict other than the manufacturing of alms.Advertising Looking for essay on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More More conflicts are present in majority of the Middle East countries contributing greatly to poverty and other social problems that are closely associated with wars and conflicts. There is much about the history of Middle East bearing in mind that it is a large region with different countries. Therefore, very explicit details may be beyond the scope of this paper although the main historical issues and events have been covered (Shah, 2009). There are many ethnic groups that are found in the region of Middle East like Jews, Arabs, Greeks, Armenians, Turks, and d Assyrians, to state just a few. Islam is the major religion in the region although there are other forms of religion like Christianity, Judaism, Zoroastrianism as well as Baha’i. Three major languages that are spoken in the region include Turkish, Arabic and Persian and they make three groups of language families. Majority of people in the Middle East speak in Arabic which happens to be an official language in Arab coun tries. Persian language is second after Arabic and is spoken mainly in Iran which is among the highest populated countries in the region. The Persian language which hails from the family of Indo European languages is largely influenced by Arabic due to Islam religion and is also spoken by some boarder countries apart from Iran. Turkish language is number three in the category of the most spoken languages. It is spoken mostly in Turkey which happens to have the highest population in the whole region. The language which originated from Asia belongs to the Turkish languages group category. However, it is important to point out that there are some minor languages that are spoken by some of the groups in the population which include Hebrew, smaller Iranian languages, Greek and Kurdish to mention just a few. In some countries like Iran, Egypt and Israel, English is also spoken though mostly as a second language and mostly by the higher socio economic groups in the society. French is also spoken as a second language in countries like Lebanon and Tunisia as well as Morocco. Lastly, Roman is spoken by a quite a large portion of population in the Middle East especially in Israel (Davis, 2003). Although statistics illustrate that the economies of all countries in Middle East are maintaining a steady growth rate, some countries in the region are poor while others are extremely rich. Iran, Turkey and Saudi Arabia have the largest economies in the whole of Middle East. Some countries like Saudi Arabia and Kuwait are highly dependent on oil and oil products while others like Israel and Egypt as well as Turkey have a diversified economy. Apart from oil and oil products, there are other industries in the agricultural sector and others are involved in manufacturing war equipments like missiles, fighter jets, sub marines and tanks. In some countries like Bahrain, banking is an important component of economy though there are still other economic activities. Some industries like t he tourism are not well developed in the region especially due to the conflicts that have been persistent in most countries expect for some few countries like Israel, Lebanon and Turkey. Nevertheless, some countries are committed to improving tourist attraction facilities and as a result, the industry is beginning to peak in such areas. As in other places in the world, unemployment is major problem in the region and mainly affects young people contributing greatly to poverty (Issawi, 1995). At this point, it is important to discuss the development of the concept Middle East since it was first invented by the US Naval Strategist as highlighted earlier. To begin with, the term was used to define the region between Arabia and India or the Persian Gulf. Initially, there were no boundaries to designate the area labeled as Middle East as the term was only used to illustrate the importance of the region. The term was used for the security purposes of the region but after the First World Wa , the importance changed from security to include the resources that were found in the region like oil. This happened after Palestine, Iraq, Lebanon, Syria and Tran Jordan were conquered by the France and included in the region. The entire Asia and some regions of North Africa were referred to as Middle East by the Great Britain during the mid 20th century. Since United States was also interested in the region, it started using the definition of the Great Britain. At this point, the person who formed the region was not an important factor but the main concern was the rich resources of oil. Therefore, Middle East was significant to other people other than the dwellers of the region. The main reason why Britain and United States were concerned with the security of the region was basically for the sole purpose of preventing any external power from gaining access in to the region since that would have threatened their economic interests (UNU/CRIS and Allied Consultants , 2002). In the 1 9th century, people who lived in the Middle East started to scrutinize the concept of the same. Arab regional order was used to replace the term Middle East since Arab nationalists argued that the term was supposed to include all the Arab speaking countries. Nevertheless, although the concept was advantageous since the interests of the people were put in to consideration, it was disadvantageous because some of the non Arabic countries like Israel which had contributed so much to the welfare of the region were excluded from the region. On the same note, it is important to mention as highlighted earlier that Mediterranean concept has also been proposed instead of the Middle East concept. However, although Mediterranean concept is becoming increasingly popular, it is mostly used to refer to the cooperation that exists between the Arab states and the European countries which ranges from multilateral to bilateral agreements and the major issues of concern are security, Arab and Israel pe ace progress, energy and stability of the region. Unlike the Middle East concept, Mediterranean concept is not contested and does not cause any hostility in the Arab countries. However, the concept is not supported by the majority (Shah, 2009). In conclusion, Middle East can be described as a historical and a geographical region although there is no clear definition of the same. Initially, the region covered regions of North Africa as well as the regions of South west Asia. As much as the concept Middle East is popular, history records that United Nations does not use the term officially and instead the region is referred to as South West Asia. The region which is characterized by many ethnic groups and languages was a center for major civilizations that have taken place in the world. The meaning of the concept has been prone to so much change since some countries have been included while others have been excluded from time to time. The main cause of criticism is due to the fact tha t it was defined using a European perspective. Nonetheless, the term is used by Europeans and non-Europeans and other countries translate it in their languages to either mean Middle East or Near East (Middle East, 2008). Reference List Brown, L. C. 2004. Diplomacy in the Middle East: the international relations of regional and outside powers. London: I.B.Tauris. Chaurasia, R. 2005. History of Middle East. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers Distributors . Davis, C. S. 2003. The Middle East for dummies. Hoboken: Wiley . Issawi, C. P. 1995. The Middle East economy: decline and recovery : selected essays. Princeton: Markus Wiener Publishers. Middle East. 2008. Retrieved from http://www.solarnavigator.net/geography/mddle_east.htm Shah, A. 2009. Middle East. Retrieved from http://www.globalissues.org/issue/103/middle-east UNU/CRIS and Allied Consultants. 2002. The Middle East. Web. This essay on What is Middle East? was written and submitted by user Fernanda R. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Astronomical vs. Meteorological Seasons

The Astronomical vs. Meteorological Seasons If someone asked you when each of the seasons occurs, how would you respond?  Your answer may depend on whether you think of the seasons  in a more traditional, or  a more weather-related way. Astronomical Seasons Change at the Equinoxes and Solstices The astronomical seasons are the ones most of us are familiar with because  their  start dates are  listed on our calendars. Theyre called astronomical because, like our calendar, the  dates of their occurrence are based on the position of Earth in relation to the sun. In the Northern Hemisphere: Astronomical winter is a result of Earths north pole being tilted its farthest away from the sun,  and the suns light aiming directly at southern latitudes. It begins on December 21-22.  Astronomical spring is a result of Earths north pole tilt moving from its maximum lean  away from the sun to one equidistant from the sun,  and of the suns light aiming directly at the equator. It begins on March 21-22.  Astronomical summer is a result of Earth being tilted its farthest towards  the sun, and the suns light aiming directly at north latitudes. It begins on June 20-21.Astronomical fall is a result of Earths tilt moving from its maximum lean  towards the sun to one  equidistant from the sun,  and of the suns light  aiming directly at the equator. It begins on September 21-22. Meteorological Seasons Change Every 3 Months Another  way to define  the seasons is by grouping the twelve calendar months into four 3-month periods based on  similar temperatures. In the Northern Hemisphere: Meteorological winter  begins on December 1. It includes the months of  December, January, and February (DJF)Meteorological spring  begins on March 1 and includes the months of  March, April, and May  (MAM).Meteorological summer  begins on June 1. It includes the months of  June, July, and August (JJA).Meteorological fall  begins on September 1 and includes the months of  September, October, and November (SON). Meteorologists didnt implement this classification just for the heck of it. Rather, they prefer to deal with data from whole rather than fractions of months, and align calendar dates more closely with the temperatures felt during that period, the scheme (which has been around since the early- to mid-1900s) allows weather scientists  to more easily compare weather patterns from one season to another something the astronomical convention makes cumbersome due to seasonal lag (the delay in seasonal temperatures settling in). Which Set of Seasons Wins Out? The astronomical seasons are the more traditional way of defining our four seasons. Although folks may not be used to the meteorological way, in a lot of ways its the more natural scheme for how we live our lives today. Gone are the days when we pore over the happenings of the celestial heavens and organize our lives accordingly. But organizing our lives around months and similar stretches of temperatures is more true to our modern reality.

Dorothy Height Quotations

Dorothy Height Quotations Dorothy Height, a key figure in the American civil rights movement, worked for many years for the YWCA, and also headed the National Council of Negro Women for more than 50 years. Selected Dorothy Height Quotations If you worry about who is going to get credit, you dont get much work done. Greatness is not measured by what a man or woman accomplishes, but by the opposition, he or she has overcome to reach his goals. I was inspired by Mary McLeod Bethune, not only to be concerned but to use whatever talent I had to be of some service in the community. As I reflect on the hope and challenges facing women in the 21st century, I am also reminded of the protracted struggles of African-American women who joined together as SISTERS in 1935 in response to Mrs. Bethunes call. It was an opportunity to deal creatively with the fact that Black women stood outside of Americas mainstream of opportunity, influence, and power. I want to be remembered as someone who used herself and anything she could touch to work for justice and freedom.... I want to be remembered as one who tried. A Negro woman has the same kind of problems as other women, but she cant take the same things for granted. As more women enter public life, I see developing a more humane society. The growth and development of children no longer will depend solely upon the status of their parents. Once again, the community as the extended family will rekindle its caring and nurturing. Though children cannot vote, their interests will be placed high on the political agenda. For they are indeed the future. 1989, about using the term black or African-American: As we move ahead into the 21st century and look at a unified way of fully identifying with our heritage, our present, and our future, our use of African-American is not a matter of putting down one to pick up the other. It is a recognition that weve always been African and American, but we are now going to address ourselves in those terms and make a unified effort to identify with our African brothers and sisters and with our own heritage. African-American has the potential of helping us to rally. But unless we identify with the full meaning, the term wont make a difference. It becomes merely a label. When we started using the term Black, it was more than a color. It came at a time when our young people in marches and sit-ins made the cry Black Power. It represented the Black experience in the United States and the Black experience of those throughout the world who were oppressed. We are at a different point now. The struggle continues, but its more subtle. Therefore, we need, in the strongest ways we can, to show our unity as a people and not just as a people of color. It was not easy for those of us who had become symbols of the struggle for equality to see our children raising their fists in defiant contradiction of all we had fought for. No one will do for you what you need to do for yourself. We cannot afford to be separate. We have to see that all of us are in the same boat. But were all in the same boat now, and weve got to learn to work together. We are not a problem people; we are a people with problems. We have historic strengths; we have survived because of family. We have to improve life, not just for those who have the most skills and those who know how to manipulate the system. But also for and with those who often have so much to give but never get the opportunity. Without community service, we would not have a strong quality of life. Its important to the person who serves as well as the recipient. Its the way in which we ourselves grow and develop. Weve got to work to save our children and do it with full respect for the fact that if we do not, no one else is going to do it. There is no contradiction between effective law enforcement and respect for civil and human rights. Dr. King did not stir us to move for our civil rights to have them taken away in these kinds of fashions. The Black family of the future will foster our liberation, enhance our self-esteem, and shape our ideas and goals. I believe we hold in our hands the power once again to shape not only our own but the nations future a future that is based on developing an agenda that radically challenges limitations in our economic development, educational achievement, and political empowerment. Undoubtedly, African-Americans will have an integral role to play, although our path ahead will continue to be complex and difficult. As we move forward, let us also look back. So long as we remember those who died for our right to vote and those like John H. Johnson who built empires where there were none, we will walk into the future with unity and strength. More About Dorothy Height Dorothy Height BiographyWomen and the Civil Rights MovementMary McLeod Bethune About These Quotes Quote collection assembled by Jone Johnson Lewis. Each quotation page in this collection and the entire collection  © Jone Johnson Lewis. This is an informal collection assembled over many years. I regret that I am not able to provide the original source if it is not listed with the quote. Citation information:Jone Johnson Lewis. Dorothy Height Quotes. About Womens History. URL: http://womenshistory.about.com/od/quotes/a/dorothy_height.htm.

The Economic Factors that Help Explainining the Expansion of Low-Cost Research Paper

The Economic Factors that Help Explainining the Expansion of Low-Cost Airline Carriers - Research Paper Example Accessibility of alternative modes of transport that are rationally close substitutes for air transportation diminishes with distance travelled. Globalization and free movement of merchandise and people between and within regions have a positive effect on air travel demand. Business travel market consists of time sensitive passengers; therefore, these customers are price inelastic in terms of fares. If the airline firm offers high quality service to this market segment, such as frequent and reliable frights, flexibility, comfortable seats, and excellent, frequent flyer programme rewards, business class customers will be willing to pay high prices (Junwook, 2011). However, with the introduction of low cost airlines the price elasticity of this business class market has changed and they display price elasticity. In previous years, airline industry relied heavily on business travel market as a major source of profit, however, this trend has changed, and the industry has noted that a hig her percentage of passengers considers price over service. Business class customers are willing to give up luxuries, food quality, flexibility or choice in return to lower prices. According to Rosario & Eddy, 2010, the economy travel market is largely determined by the costs being charged by the airlines; they are price sensitive. The first class air travel market does not generate much profit to the airline industry, as a result, many airlines are moving from three to a two-class cabin. The levels of consumer income influence the passenger’s choice of the air travel class; the choice of consumers with high levels of income will differ with those of consumers with low levels of income (Bijan, & Tom, 2008). The demand for leisure travel is influenced by the number of independent holidays and short term breaks; in this market passengers book flights, accommodation and car by themselves. According to Airport International, the changes in demand of leisure travel indicate that cu stomers are expecting and preferring low fares. Low fares in this market segment are the main stimulus for growth in luxury travel, and passengers are willing to change destination for fabulous deals. According to Susan, 2009, the prices of air tickets are largely influenced by the fuel prices, the exchange rates, and the costs of financing airline projects. High costs of financing, unstable exchange rates, and high fuel prices lead to high air fares. Other natural calamities, such tsunami and earthquakes among others results to decline in tourism and business travels thereby, affecting the air travel demand in the affected areas (Roger, 2008). The following diagrams and tables show the effects of fuel prices on operating costs of the airline industry. Prices of air tickets are determined by the price of fuel; fuel price is influenced by the prevailing economic conditions such as the exchange rates. Industry Fuel Costs and Net Profits. Source: Industry Financial Forecast Table (IATA Economics). Fuel Impact on Operating Costs Year % of Operating Costs Average Price per Barrel of Crude Break-even Price per Barrel Total Fuel Cost 2003 14% $28.8 $23.4 $44 billion 2004 17% $38.3 $34.5 $65 billion 2005 22% $54.5 $51.8 $91 billion 2006 26% $65.1 $68.3 $117 billion 2007 28% $73.0 $82.2 $135 billion 2008 33% $99.0 $88.9 $189 billion 2009 26% $62.0 $55.4 $125 billion 2010 26% $79.4 $91.0

Susan Griffin and her Our Secret Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Susan Griffin and her Our Secret - Essay Example Susan Griffin and her "Our Secret" In the process of writing Our Secret Susan Griffin mixes two different styles. Thus, she resorts to the use of academic and personal writing. All her personal writing is combined with the insertions of scientific information. In fact, the beginning of Our Secret puzzles the readers with unexpected data about the nucleus of the cell: â€Å"The nucleus of the cell derives its name from the Latin nux, meaning nut. Like the stone in a cherry, it is found in the center of the cell, and like this stone, keeps its precious kernel in a shell† (Griffin 335). This information in the beginning of the writing seems to have no sense at first sight; it seems to have no connection with secrets. However, it is not so. The author just uses this phrase to start her research. She does not refer to the writers who give only perfunctory information. Susan Griffin is eager to find out the root of all secrets in her story. That is why she needs to conduct a research and think over the things that ha ve never been considered by other authors. Sometimes it may seem that Susan Griffin uses scientific information in order to compare it to the fates of her characters. That is why she assembles fragments juxtaposes seemingly unrelated material in surprising and suggestive relationships. Each page of Our Secret is broken into italicized inter-sections. In fact, Susan griffin’s prose is applied in order to create a ‘field’ for the bodies set in it. This author seems to create the story under consideration in order to investigate the issues that have interested her. Thus, Griffin’s writing is something like the result of hard intellectual work. It is impossible to conduct a research without the use of certain research methods. What research methods were applied by Susan Griffin, then? Of course, it is observation, comparison and data analysis. In the process of writing the author watches the fates of several characters of Our Secret. They are the following ones: Heinrich, Leo and Laura. All these three characters are unhappy. After observation the author makes an attempt to find out the reason for their misfortune. That is why she looks for facts that may help her by means of science. Sometimes the readers may come across rather odd comparisons. For instance, Griffin tries to find connections between humans to rockets and nucleus cells. The analysis of the data received by Susan Griffin gives her an opportunity to draw certain conclusions; she gets the findings of her thorough research. It turns out that human fate is closely connected with the seed sowed into it. One’s feature is frequently defined by his/her childhood. It is necessary to stress that the characters introduced to the reader had unhappy childhood that influenced their life greatly. Leo and Heinrich’s upbringing are the brightest examples to support this argument. Thus, it is known that Heinrich was deprived of his own childhood too early. This boy became an adult when he was only ten. Then period of c hildish joy was substituted by responsibility and seriousness. He could not enjoy his youth and carelessness just like all other boys did. The only thing he should have done was to obey his father and snitch on all his classmates. This was a

Characters that Most Influenced Inman in Cold Mountain Essay -- essays

The novel Cold Mountain is about two peoples’ independent journeys through different struggles and situations at the same time. One of these people is Inman, an injured soldier who is trying to find his way home after deserting from the fighting. He meets a lot of strange people along the way. Some of them help and some of them hinder. However, they all teach him something about himself, or something that he can relate to himself. There are some characters that are more significant in this respect than others and they have more of an actual influence on Inman’s journey. One of these characters is Veasey, the preacher. Inman meets him when he catches the preacher trying to throw a drugged, pregnant girl into the ‘Deep River’. Inman saves the girl from Veasey and leaves him to face his punishment. Later on in the story, Veasey returns with â€Å"his face†¦cut and marked by bruises†. Veasey is a general negative influence on Inman’s odyssey. He uses religion to justify his immoral acts and symbolises false faith and unrestrained selfishness. He is, however, company for Inman, even though Inman does not want it. They travel together and find a â€Å"grim roadside inn†. It is here that we see Veasey as being a danger to Inman. Veasey meets a prostitute called Big Tildy and makes a deal. Here, he picks a fight with a drunken, armed man who tries to take Big Tildy elsewhere. The two men draw their pistols at each other, but Tildy takes Veasey’s from him. Veasey wants to continue with the fight. Inman steps in a nd the drunken man goes away. â€Å"You’re set on getting us both killed.† Inman realises that Veasey is a danger and tries to leave him behind when he leaves, the next day. Veasey however, catches up to him again. Together they both meet Jun... ...s ironic because all throughout the novel we have heard stories of Inman’s terrible ordeals in the war. Inman’s journey has been both negatively affected (Veasey) and positively affected (Sara). In my opinion, for all of the bad things that happen to Inman, something good happens. The best example of this is Veasey. Inman puts up with Veasey and his annoying habits for so long, and he saves his life in the end. Therefore, even the negative influences that Inman experiences on his odyssey, result in a positive outcome. Inman learns a lot from the people that he meets on his odyssey. Some affect his journey and some do not. There are characters that have not been mentioned because they are not as influential as the ones that have been. Characters like the gypsies, who show Inman that stereotypes cannot always be trusted, do not help him on his psychological journey.

‘Bright and Morning Star’ Richard Wright Essay

The aim of this essay is to discuss the decision that the protagonist from Richard Wright’s ‘Bright and Morning star’, Aunt Sue, a black mother of two sons, has to make in order to chose between her sons’ life and the safety of the Communist members from her community. This story is, among others written by Richard Wright, a ‘dark portrayal of black Communist life’ and it analyses the inner struggle of Aunt Sue as a black woman and ‘mother of Communists’ (1). Wright’s short story follows the dilemma that Sue has to confront with herself during one rainy night, as a mother of Communist sons who were chased by the authorities. Her dilemma starts to grow from the beginning of the story, when she finds out that her son’s communist party was in danger to be discovered by the authorities: ’The sheriff wuz by our house tonight[†¦] He done got word from somewheres bout tha meetin tomorrow’(Wright 412). From that moment she was subjected to two different emotions, the fear that she might lose her son and the duty to the community to save the members of the party that her son had:’ She was feeling that Johnny-Boy was already lost to her; she was feeling the pain that would come when she knew it for certain, and she was feeling that she would have to be brave and bear it’, ‘[†¦] for her to try to stop Johnny-Boy was to admit that all the toil of years meant nothing; and to let him go meant that sometime or other he would be caught. In facing it this way she felt a little stunned, as though she had come suddenly upon a blank wall in the dark.’(Wright 412-413) In spite of Wright’s joining to Communism: ‘â€Å"I Tried to be a Communist’, and of his numerous writings about it, eventually his focus grew more on the development of an individual black consciousness than on advancing the causes of the Communist party as in the case of his t wo stories ‘Fire and Cloud’ and ‘Bright and Morning star’(2). From the beginning of the story we can see Sue divided in two inner parts: a part of her still remembering her past beliefs, in Christianity and Jesus, and a new part of her revealed from the moment of her joining her sons’ beliefs in Communism in order to escape of the past sufferings of the black people. In her search for better, as we can see trough the story, she try to find a refuge first in religion, then in Communism, but when she feels that neither  the Communism is enough to achieve a better living, her last hope is in her pride of the black people: ‘She was consumed with a bitter pride. There was nothing on this earth, she felt then, that they could not do to her but that she could take’ (Wright 422) Also we can see Sue taking two different attitudes along the story. If in the first instance we can see Sue as a regular mother concerned for her family and her love for her son, Johnny-Boy: ‘But how she could forget Johnny-Boy out there on those wet fields rounding up white and black Communists for a meeting tomorrow?’ (Wright 408), also we can see that her doubts about her son’s business among the Communist group of her community made her look in a sort skeptical at the policy of allowing people enter the group and at the new white members she didn’t trust: ‘It wuznt nona our folks . . . Ah knows em all from way back. There ain none of em that coulda! . . . Son, it wuz some of them white folks! (Wright 417), and she is first portrayed as a regular woman who knows her place in the house: ’While shoving the iron a cluster of toiling days returned; days of washing and ironing to feed Johnny-Boy and Sug [†¦] days of carrying a hundred punds of white folks’ clothes upon her head [†¦]’(Wright 409). Her image along with her beliefs changed as the events from that night continued. Her black pride and her commitment to the group emerged when she was brutally questioned about her son and the members from Johnny-Boy’s Communist group, succeeding to resist to their attack on her: ‘yuh didn‟t git whut yuh wanted! N yuh ain gonna nevah git it!’(Wright 423). Though, further in the night, because of weak position she was put into by the beatings of the sheriff and because of the false news that her son was killed, her self-confident fell and she was tricked to say the names of the members. The moment she decides to rectify her mistake is the moment she realizes that she has to fight alone for her cause and to rescue the other members and she ‘would do anything for her sons – except betray others’ (Felgar 29). Also the moment she lost her last faith – her pride- revealing the names of the members is also the moment she decides to put the good of her people, her friends, above her son and her fears. Thus the only way to take it back was by shooting the boy Booker before he could tell the names:’ The sheet! Thas it, the sheet! Her whole being leaped with will; the long years of her life bent toward a moment of focus a point. Ah kin go wid mah sheet! Ahll be doin what he said! Lawd Gawd in Heaven, Ahma go like a nigger  woman wid mah windin sheet and git mah dead son!’(Wright 433). And although she is subjected to the great martyrdom a mother could endure: her son being tortured and killed in front of her, she maintain her strengt h to accomplish her mission: â€Å"She fired, once; then, without pausing, she turned, hearing them yell. She aimed at Johnny-Boy, but they had their arms around her[†¦] She glimpsed Booker lying sprawled in the mud, on his face [†¦] And she was suddenly at peace; they were not a white mountain now; they were not pushing her any longer to the edge of life. Its awright†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Wright 440 ) Main features of the protagonist are coming out in this part of the story: cleverness, the strength of sacrificing her maternal love and her son for the community cause. She becomes thus the strong, self-confident woman, in order to fix her mistakes and takes the faith of her and her son’s life in her hands and she goes to confront the ‘enemy’ by herself. Because of the wisdom of the past generations she possessed, she succeeds to accomplish her well developed plan: she goes to the enemy camp by herself with a gun hidden in a white sheet in order to shoot the traitor of her friends:’ The sheet! Thas it, the sheet! Her whole being leaped with will; the long years of her life bent toward a moment of focus a point. Ah kin go wid mah sheet! Ahll be doin what he said! Lawd Gawd in Heaven, Ahma go like a nigger woman wid mah windin sheet and git mah dead son!’(Wright 433). In conclusion, the struggle the protagonist has to take before she could see what her options are and her decision to give her life and her son’s in favor of the Black community, captures a cruel reality, the author wanted to represent, of black women in particular, and the black community in general, in their effort to escape from the hardships the white men had submitted them to. In this way we can say that Sue succeeded to surpass her condition as a black mother and woman, and became a defender of a community, but with a price: stepping over the love of a mother for her son and sacrificing him for the sake of the rest. Works cited: * Richard Wright, Early Works. NY: Library of America, 1991,’ Bright and Morning Star’; * Felgar, Robert. Student Companions to Classic Writers: Student Companions to Richard Wright. Westport: Greenwood Press, Inc., 2000. * Kilinski, April Conley, Flinging a New Star: â€Å"Fire and Cloud† and â€Å"Bright and Morning Star† as Reflections of Richard Wright’s Changing Relationship with Communism. Epiphany: Vol. 5, No. 1, 2012.

The Expanding Environment for Non Traditional Students

Non Traditional Students According to current estimates approximately 75 percent of college students are now nontraditional students – older than 25, attending school part time, and having delayed entry or reentry into college for a variety of personal reasons. Post secondary education is needed by such students to develop their careers and to acquire knowledge and skills required by a constantly changing global society. This trend is not restricted to North America; it is a worldwide phenomenon. Over the years, these nontraditionals have chosen either slower or faster options to proceed through their chosen curricula. They could work incrementally, taking a few courses per year while taking advantage of workplace tuition reimbursement†¦show more content†¦Then, teachers must reach goals using diverse methods and techniques which engage the student and make the learning process interesting. Though methods vary, a problem or task centered approach is generally considered superior to a subject matter approach. Students and professors may work together to co-create knowledge. Work in teams is an often used strategy because it replicates the experiences of nontraditional students in the workplace. Additionally, teachers work to reduce time and place restrictions for the nontraditional student that would limit that person’s access to course materials and assignments; asynchronous online options easily break down such barriers. Furthermore, flexible access to student services has become more common over time. Clearer and more accessible information now exists on institutions and the specific programs needed for planning degrees and careers. Programs for nontraditional learners provide orientation workshops to reacquaint applicants with the rigors of college level study, and to reduce anxiety about reentry after a prolonged period of time. 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